M’mizinda ikuluikulu, njinga zonyamula magetsi ndi zonyamulira zolemetsa zimasintha pang’onopang’ono malole onyamula katundu wamba.UPS
Lachiwiri lililonse, munthu m'mphepete mwa nyanja atakwera njinga yamoto yodabwitsa, amaima pabwalo kunja kwa shopu ya ayisikilimu ya Kate ku Portland, Oregon, kuti akatengenso katundu watsopano.
Anayika mabokosi 30 a ayisikilimu a Kate opangidwa ndi ma waffle cones ndi marionberry cobbler mu thumba la mufiriji, ndikuyika pamodzi ndi katundu wina mubokosi lachitsulo loyikidwa kuseri kwa mpando.Atanyamula katundu wokwana mapaundi 600, adakwera galimoto kupita kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Sandy Boulevard.
Kukwapula kulikonse kumakulitsidwa ndi injini yamagetsi yopanda phokoso yobisika mu chassis.Ngakhale kuti ankalamulira galimoto yamalonda yotalika mamita 4, adakwera njira yanjinga.
Patadutsa mtunda wa kilomita imodzi ndi theka, njinga yamotoyo inafika kumalo osungiramo katundu a B-line Urban Delivery.Kampaniyo ili pakatikati pa mzindawu, masitepe ochepa chabe kuchokera kumtsinje wa Willamette.Amatsitsa katundu m'nyumba zazing'ono komanso zapakati kuposa zosungira zazikulu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimanyamula katundu.
Chigawo chilichonse cha izi ndi chosiyana ndi njira zambiri zotumizira mailosi masiku ano.Ndizosavuta kuganiza za ntchito ya B-line ngati chinthu china chachilendo ku Portland.Koma ntchito zofananirazi zikuchulukirachulukira m'mizinda yayikulu yaku Europe monga Paris ndi Berlin.Zinali zovomerezeka basi mu Chicago;idalandiridwa ku New York City, komwe Amazon.com Inc. ili ndi njinga zamagetsi zokwana 200 zoperekera.
Katelyn Williams, mwini wake wa ayisikilimu, anati: “Nthaŵi zonse zimakhala zothandiza kusakhala ndi galimoto yaikulu ya dizilo.”
Ichi ndiye chofunikira pakubweretsa dziko la njinga zamagetsi zonyamula katundu kapena njinga zamatatu amagetsi zomwe zikuyendabe.Ndi kagulu kakang'ono ka njinga zamagetsi zothandizidwa ndi pedal zomwe zadziwika kwambiri panthawi ya mliri.Othandizira amati magalimoto ang'onoang'ono amagetsi amatha kuyenda mtunda waufupi ndikutumiza katundu mwachangu m'malo omwe amakhala ndi anthu ambiri mumzindawu, pomwe amachepetsa kuchulukana, phokoso ndi kuipitsa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha magalimoto onyamula ma forklift.
Komabe, chuma ichi sichinatsimikizidwebe m'misewu ya United States yomwe imakonda magalimoto.Njira imeneyi imafuna kuunikanso mozama momwe katundu amalowera mumzinda.Mitundu yatsopano yachilendo ndiyotsimikizirika kuyambitsa mikangano m'madera omwe ali kale ndi magalimoto, okwera njinga, ndi oyenda pansi.
Mabasiketi onyamula katundu wamagetsi ndi njira yothetsera vuto limodzi lovuta kwambiri pazantchito.Kodi mumapeza bwanji katundu kudzera pa ulalo womaliza kuchokera ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu kupita kuchitseko?
Kupweteka kwa mutu ndikuti ngakhale kuti chikhumbo chopereka chikuwoneka kuti chilibe malire, malo amphepete mwa msewu sali.
Anthu okhala m'mizinda amadziwa kale magalimoto oyimitsidwa (ndi oyimitsidwanso) ndi ma tramu okhala ndi magetsi owopsa.Kwa anthu odutsa, izi zikutanthauza kuchulukana kwa magalimoto pamsewu komanso kuwonongeka kwa mpweya.Kwa otumiza, izi zikutanthawuza kukwera mtengo kwa katundu ndi nthawi yobweretsera pang'onopang'ono.Mu Okutobala, ofufuza ku Yunivesite ya Washington adapeza kuti magalimoto onyamula katundu adawononga 28% yanthawi yawo yobweretsera kufunafuna malo oimikapo magalimoto.
Mary Catherine Snyder, katswiri wodziŵa za malo oimika magalimoto mumzinda wa Seattle, anati: “Kufunika kwa malo otchingira magalimoto n’kwambiri kuposa mmene timafunira.Mzinda wa Seattle unayesa njinga zamatatu amagetsi ndi UPS Inc. chaka chatha.
Mliri wa COVID-19 wangowonjezera chipwirikiti.Panthawi yotseka, mafakitale othandizira monga UPS ndi Amazon adakumana ndi nsonga.Ofesiyo ikhoza kukhala yopanda kanthu, koma m'mphepete mwa msewu wa m'tawuni idatsekedwanso ndi operekera katundu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ntchito za Grubhub Inc. ndi DoorDash Inc. kuti azinyamula chakudya kuchokera kumalo odyera kupita kunyumba.
Kuyesera kuli mkati.Makampani ena opanga zinthu akuyesa kuthekera kwa kasitomala kuti apewe chitseko, ndipo m'malo mwake amayika mapaketi m'malo otsekera, kapena ngati Amazon, mu thunthu lagalimoto.Ma drone ndi otheka, ngakhale atha kukhala okwera mtengo kwambiri kupatulapo kunyamula zinthu zopepuka, zamtengo wapatali monga mankhwala.
Othandizira amanena kuti njinga zamoto zamatatu zing'onozing'ono zimathamanga kwambiri kuposa magalimoto ndipo zimatulutsa mpweya wochepa wotentha.Imatembenuzika kwambiri pamagalimoto, ndipo imatha kuyimitsidwa pamalo ang'onoang'ono kapena ngakhale m'mphepete mwa msewu.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wokhudza njinga zamagetsi zonyamula magetsi zomwe zidatumizidwa ku Yunivesite ya Toronto chaka chatha, kusintha magalimoto onyamula nthawi zonse ndi njinga zamagetsi zonyamula magetsi kumatha kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya ndi matani 1.9 pachaka,
Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa B-line ndi woyambitsa Franklin Jones (Franklin Jones) adanena mu webinar yaposachedwa kuti kuchulukitsa kwa anthu ammudzi, kumachepetsa mtengo wamayendedwe apanjinga.
Kuti njinga zamagetsi zonyamula katundu ziziyenda bwino, kusintha kofunikira kuyenera kupangidwa: nyumba zosungiramo katundu zazing'ono zam'deralo.Makampani ambiri opanga zinthu amakonza nyumba zawo zazikulu zosungiramo katundu m'mphepete mwa mzindawo.Komabe, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa njinga ndi kochepa kwambiri, amafunikira malo oyandikana nawo.Iwo amatchedwa mini hubs.
Malo ang'onoang'ono awa otchedwa Logistics hotel akugwiritsidwa ntchito kale ku Paris.Pamagombe awa, kampani yoyambira yotchedwa Reef Technology idapeza ndalama zokwana $700 miliyoni zothandizira malo ake pamalo oimikapo magalimoto mumzinda mwezi watha kuti aphatikizepo zotumizira zomaliza.
Malinga ndi Bloomberg News, Amazon yakhazikitsanso malo ang'onoang'ono 1,000 ku United States.
Sam Starr, mlangizi wodziyimira pawokha wonyamula katundu ku Canada, adati kuti agwiritse ntchito njinga zonyamula katundu, mawilo ang'onoang'onowa amayenera kumwazikana pamtunda wa 2 mpaka 6 mailosi, kutengera kuchuluka kwa mzindawu.
Ku United States, mpaka pano, zotsatira za e-freight sizikudziwika.Chaka chatha, UPS idapeza mu mayeso a e-cargo tricycle ku Seattle kuti njingayo idapereka mapaketi ochepera mu ola limodzi kuposa magalimoto wamba mdera la Seattle lotanganidwa.
Kafukufukuyu akukhulupirira kuti kuyesa komwe kumatha mwezi umodzi wokha kungakhale kwaufupi kwambiri pakubweretsa njinga.Koma inanenanso kuti ubwino wa njinga - kukula kochepa - ndi kufooka.
Kafukufukuyu anati: "Njinga zamagetsi zonyamula katundu sizingakhale bwino ngati magalimoto onyamula katundu."Katundu wawo wocheperako amatanthawuza kuti amatha kuchepetsa kutumiza nthawi iliyonse akamayendera, ndipo amayenera kukwezanso pafupipafupi.”
Ku New York City, wochita bizinesi wotchedwa Gregg Zuman, yemwe anayambitsa Revolutionary Rickshaw, wakhala akuyesera kubweretsa njinga zamagetsi zamagetsi kwa anthu ambiri kwa zaka 15 zapitazi.Akugwirabe ntchito mwakhama.
Lingaliro loyamba la Zuman linali kupanga gulu la njinga zamatatu amagetsi mu 2005. Izi sizikugwirizana ndi holo ya taxi ya mzindawo.Mu 2007, Ministry of Motor Vehicles idatsimikiza kuti njinga zamalonda zitha kuyendetsedwa ndi anthu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizimayendetsedwa ndi ma motors amagetsi.Rishola woukira boma anaimitsidwa kwa zaka zoposa khumi.
Chaka chatha chinali mwayi wothetsa kusagwirizana.Anthu aku New York, monga okhala m'matauni padziko lonse lapansi, ali ndi ma scooters amagetsi mumsewu ndi njinga zothandizidwa ndi magetsi.
Mu Disembala, New York City idavomereza kuyesa kwa njinga zamagetsi zonyamula katundu ku Manhattan ndi makampani akuluakulu monga UPS, Amazon ndi DHL.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ogwira ntchito zapaulendo monga Bird, Uber ndi Lime adayang'anitsitsa msika waukulu kwambiri wa dzikolo ndipo ananyengerera nyumba yamalamulo ya boma kuti ivomereze ma scooters amagetsi ndi njinga.Mu Januware, Bwanamkubwa Andrew Cuomo (D) adasiya kutsutsa ndikukhazikitsa lamuloli.
Zuman adati: "Izi zimatipangitsa kugonja."Ananenanso kuti pafupifupi njinga zonse zamagetsi zamagetsi pamsika ndi zosachepera mainchesi 48.
Lamulo la Federal limakhala chete pamutu wa njinga zamagetsi zamagetsi.M'mizinda ndi mayiko, ngati pali malamulo, ndi osiyana kwambiri.
Mu Okutobala, Chicago idakhala umodzi mwamizinda yoyamba kukhazikitsa malamulo.Makhansala a mzindawu adavomereza malamulo olola kuti magalimoto oyendera magetsi aziyenda munjira zanjinga.Ali ndi malire othamanga kwambiri a 15 mph ndi m'lifupi mwake 4 mapazi.Dalaivala amafunikira chiphaso cha njinga ndipo njingayo iyenera kuyimitsidwa pamalo oimikapo magalimoto nthawi zonse.
M'miyezi 18 yapitayi, chimphona cha e-commerce and logistics chinanena kuti chatumiza pafupifupi 200 njinga zamagetsi zonyamula katundu ku Manhattan ndi Brooklyn, ndipo ikufuna kupanga pulaniyi kwambiri.Makampani ena oyendetsa katundu monga DHL ndi FedEx Corp. alinso ndi oyendetsa ndege, koma si aakulu ngati Amazon.
Zuman adati, "M'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi, Amazon ikukula mwachangu pamsika uno.""Amangodzuka mwachangu pamaso pa aliyense."
Mtundu wamabizinesi a Amazon umatsutsana ndi B-line ya Portland.Si shuttle kuchokera kwa ogulitsa kupita ku sitolo, koma kuchokera ku sitolo kupita kwa kasitomala.Whole Foods Market Inc., malo ogulitsira omwe ali ndi Amazon, amapereka zakudya ku Brooklyn moyandikana ndi Manhattan ndi Williamsburg.
Komanso, mapangidwe a magalimoto ake amagetsi ndi osiyana kwambiri, zomwe zimasonyeza momwe makampaniwa akuyendera bwino panthawiyi.
Magalimoto a Amazon si ma tricycle.Iyi ndi njinga yamagetsi wamba.Mutha kukoka kalavaniyo, kumasula, ndikulowa mchipinda cholandirira alendo mnyumbamo.(Zuman amachitcha kuti “wilo ya olemera”.) Pafupifupi njinga zonse zamagetsi zonyamula katundu zimapangidwa ku Europe.M’maiko ena, njinga zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga zonyamulira kapena zonyamulira golosale.
Mapangidwe ali pamapu onse.Anthu ena amapangitsa wokwerayo kukhala choongoka, pamene ena amatsamira.Ena amaika bokosi la katundu kumbuyo, ena amaika bokosi kutsogolo.Ena ali panja, pamene ena amakulunga dalaivala mu chipolopolo chapulasitiki choonekera kuti mvula isagwe.
Jones, yemwe anayambitsa Portland, adanena kuti mzinda wa Portland sufuna chilolezo cha B-line ndipo suyenera kulipira malipiro aliwonse.Kuphatikiza apo, malamulo a Oregon amalola njinga kukhala ndi zida zamphamvu zothandizira - mpaka 1,000 watts-kuti njingayo ikhale ndi liwiro lofananira ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ndipo imakhala ndi chithumwa chothandizira aliyense kukwera phiri.
Iye anati: “Popanda zimenezi, sitikanatha kulemba ganyu anthu osiyanasiyana, ndipo sipakanakhala nthawi yoti tipereke zinthu zomwe tinkaona.”
Line B ilinso ndi makasitomala.Iyi ndi njira yobweretsera zinthu zakomweko za New Seasons Market, zomwe ndi malo ogulitsa 18 ogulitsa.Carlee Dempsey, Supply Chain Logistics Manager wa New Seasons, adati dongosololi lidayamba zaka zisanu zapitazo, ndikupanga B-line kukhala mkhalapakati wazinthu pakati pa ogulitsa 120 akumaloko.
Nyengo Zatsopano zimapatsa ogulitsa phindu linanso: amapanga 30% ya ngongole zawo za mzere B.Izi zimawathandiza kupeŵa ogawira golosale omwe amakhala ndi chindapusa chokwera.
M'modzi mwa ogulitsa otere ndi Adam Berger, eni ake a Portland Company Rollenti Pasta.Asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito B-line, ayenera kutumiza ku New Seasons Markets ndi compact Scion xB yake tsiku lonse.
Iye anati: “Zinali zankhanza basi."Kugawa mtunda womaliza ndi komwe kumatipha tonse, kaya ndi zinthu zouma, alimi kapena ena."
Tsopano, adapereka bokosi la pasitala kwa B-line transporter ndipo adapondapo mpaka kumalo osungiramo katundu pamtunda wa makilomita 9.Kenako amatumizidwa kumasitolo osiyanasiyana ndi magalimoto wamba.
Iye anati: “Ndine wochokera ku Portland, ndiye zonse ndi mbali ya nkhaniyi.Ndine wakumaloko, ndine mmisiri.Ndimapanga magulu ang'onoang'ono.Ndikufuna kupanga zonyamula njinga kuti zizigwira ntchito moyenera pantchito yanga. ”"ndizopambana."
Maloboti otumizira ndi magalimoto ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi.Gwero lazithunzi: Starship Technologies (roboti yotumizira) / Ayro (galimoto yopangira zinthu zambiri)
Chithunzichi chili pafupi ndi zida zotumizira anthu za Starship Technologies ndi galimoto yamagetsi ya Ayro Club Car 411.Starship Technologies (roboti yotumizira) / Ayro (galimoto yogwira ntchito zambiri)
Mabizinesi angapo akulozera ma micro-ray ku zida zoperekera zoperekera.Arcimoto Inc., opanga magalimoto amagetsi a mawilo atatu ku Oregon, akuvomera maoda amtundu womaliza wa Deliverator.Wina wolowa ndi Ayro Inc., wopanga magalimoto a mini-truck ku Texas omwe ali ndi liwiro lalikulu la 25 mph.Pafupifupi kukula kwa ngolo ya gofu, magalimoto ake nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zovala zansalu komanso chakudya m'malo odekha monga malo ochitirako tchuthi ndi mayunivesite.
Koma CEO Rod Keller adati kampaniyo ikupanga mtundu womwe ungathe kuyendetsedwa pamsewu, wokhala ndi chipinda chosungiramo chakudya chamunthu payekha.Makasitomala ndi malo odyera monga Chipotle Mexican Grill Inc. kapena Panera Bread Co., ndipo amayesa kutumiza katunduyo pakhomo la kasitomala popanda kulipira ndalama zomwe kampani yobweretsera chakudya tsopano ikulipiritsa.
Kumbali ina ndi ma robot ang'onoang'ono.Starship Technologies yochokera ku San Francisco ikupanga msika wake wamagalimoto oyenda panjira zamawilo asanu ndi limodzi, womwe supitilira zoziziritsa moŵa.Amatha kuyenda mtunda wa makilomita 4 ndipo ndi oyenera kuyenda mumsewu.
Monga Ayro, idayambira pasukulupo koma ikukula.Kampaniyo idati patsamba lake: "Kugwira ntchito ndi masitolo ndi malo odyera, timatumiza zinthu zakomweko mwachangu, zanzeru komanso zotsika mtengo."
Magalimoto onsewa ali ndi magalimoto amagetsi, omwe ali ndi ubwino wotsatira: oyera, opanda phokoso komanso osavuta kulipira.Koma pamaso pa okonza mizinda, gawo la "galimoto" layamba kusokoneza malire omwe akhala akulekanitsa magalimoto ndi njinga kwa nthawi yaitali.
"Kodi unasintha liti kuchoka panjinga kupita kugalimoto?"adafunsa wochita bizinesi waku New York Zuman."Ili ndi limodzi mwa malire osokonekera omwe tiyenera kuthana nawo."
Amodzi mwa malo omwe mizinda yaku America ingayambe kuganizira za momwe angayendetsere katundu wa pakompyuta ndi masikweya kilomita ku Santa Monica, California.
Mwambowu ndi Masewera a Olimpiki a 2028 ku Los Angeles.Mgwirizano wachigawo ukuyembekeza kuchepetsa utsi wotulutsa mapaipi m'matauni ndi kotala pofika nthawi imeneyo, kuphatikiza cholinga cholimba mtima chosintha 60% ya magalimoto onyamula katundu wapakati kukhala magalimoto amagetsi.M'mwezi wa June chaka chino, Santa Monica adapambana ndalama zokwana $350,000 kuti apange malo oyamba operekera ziro.
Santa Monica sangangowamasula, komanso kusunga 10 mpaka 20 curbs, ndipo iwo okha (ndi magalimoto ena amagetsi) akhoza kuyimitsa ma curbs awa.Awa ndi malo oyamba oimikapo magalimoto a e-cargo mdziko muno.Kamera idzayang'ana momwe danga likugwiritsidwira ntchito.
“Uku ndi kufufuza kwenikweni.Uyu ndi woyendetsa ndege weniweni.”anatero Francis Stefan, yemwe amayang’anira ntchitoyo monga mkulu woyang’anira kayendetsedwe ka zinthu ku Santa Monica.
Mzindawu uli ndi ziro-emission zone kumpoto kwa Los Angeles kumaphatikizapo dera lapakati pa tawuni ndi Third Street Promenade, imodzi mwa malo ogulitsa kwambiri ku Southern California.
"Kusankha m'mphepete mwa msewu ndi chilichonse," adatero Matt Peterson, wapampando wa Transportation Electrification Cooperation Organisation yomwe idasankha Santa Monica."Muli ndi ambiri omwe akutenga nawo mbali pazakudya, malo operekera zakudya, malo [ochita bizinesi ndi bizinesi]."
Ntchitoyi siyambanso kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, koma akatswiri akuti mikangano pakati pa njinga zamagetsi zonyamula katundu ndi njira zina zanjinga sizingapeweke.
Lisa Nisenson, katswiri wa zamayendedwe pa WGI, kampani yokonza zomangamanga za anthu, anati: “Mwadzidzidzi, panali gulu la anthu opita kokakwera, okwera ndi mabizinesi."Zinayamba kudzaza."
Katswiri wonyamula katundu wa Starr adanena kuti chifukwa cha malo ake ang'onoang'ono, sitima zonyamula katundu zamagetsi zimatha kuyimitsidwa m'mphepete mwa msewu, makamaka "m'dera la mipando", yomwe imakhala ndi ma bokosi a makalata, nyuzipepala, mizati ya nyali ndi mitengo.
Koma m’dera laling’ono limenelo, njinga zamagetsi zonyamula katundu zikudutsa m’tinjira ta matayala a magalimoto amene amagwiritsira ntchito molakwa udindo wawo: masitape amagetsi amadziŵika kuti amalepheretsa kuyenda kwa anthu m’mizinda yambiri.
Mneneri wa dipatimenti yowona zamayendedwe ku Seattle, Ethan Bergson, adati: "Ndizovuta kuwonetsetsa kuti anthu amaimika magalimoto moyenera kuti asapange zolepheretsa anthu olumala m'mphepete mwa msewu."
Nissensen adanena kuti ngati magalimoto ang'onoang'ono, oyendetsa galimoto amatha kutengera zomwe zikuchitika, ndiye kuti mizinda ingafunike kupanga imodzi m'malo mwa zomwe amazitcha "makonde oyendayenda", ndiye kuti, magawo awiri a anthu wamba ndi ena amalonda opepuka.
Palinso mwayi ku gawo lina la malo a asphalt omwe adasiyidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa: ma alleys.
"Kuyamba kuganiza zobwerera m'tsogolo, kutenga ntchito zina zamalonda kuchokera mumsewu waukulu ndi kulowa mkati, komwe sikungakhaleko wina aliyense koma ochotsa zinyalala zomwe ndizomveka?"Anafunsa Nisensen.
M'malo mwake, tsogolo lakupereka mphamvu yaying'ono litha kubwereranso zakale.Magalimoto ambiri adizilo ovuta komanso opumira omwe njinga zamagetsi zimafuna kusintha ndi za UPS, kampani yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1907.